towards INDEPENDANCE south of the Sahara |
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| Independance from France and the U.K. was led |
| by Nyerere (Tanganyika), Touré (Guinea), Kenyatta |
| M´boya (Kenya), the legendary Nkrumah (Ghana) |
| Dacko (Central Africa) and Stevens (Sierra Leone) |
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| x |
| x |
| x |
| x |
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| Biafran leader General "Ikemba" Ojukwu |
| and Nigerian Yakubu Gowon, who led the |
| coup that killed first premier Balewa |
| and two-time President Obasanjo |
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| Congo´s first President Joseph Kasavubu |
| and Katanga leader Moise Tshombe, who |
| fought each other during the Congo crises |
| and both were removed by Zaire founder Mobutu |
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| Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda |
| Upper Volta´s Lamizana, Togolaise father |
| assassinated Sylvanus Olympio (ov) and one |
| of his succeedors Nicholas Grunditzky |
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| General Gowon who led the 1966 coup |
| and the civil war against secessonist Biafra (lts) |
| which became the first televised genocide and |
| the first of usually brief "rich world" concerns |
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| Independance from France and the U.K. |
| championed by Nkrumah (Ghana), Touré (Guinea), |
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 |
| x |
| x |
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| Biafran leader General "Ikemba" Ojukwu |
| and Nigerian Yakubu Gowon, who led the |
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| Presidential (lts)wishes from Arap Moi |
| (Kenya) and Ratsiraka (Madagascar) |
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| Mozambique leaders Samora Machel (ov) |
| and Chissano; Comorean Assoumani |
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| Eritrean independance leader and |
| first President Isaias Afwerki (ov) |
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| Sheila Sisulu, the daughter-in-law of ANC-leader |
| Walter, answering on his in blanco signed letter |
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| South African Nelson Mandela |
| a respected legend in our time (lts) |
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 |
| although a loyal apartheid public servant |
| Pres De Klerk dismantled the system |
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| Sheila Sisulu, the daughter-in-law of ANC-leader |
| Walter, answering on his in blanco signed letter |
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| South African Nelson Mandela |
| a respected legend in our time (lts) |
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| Southwest african governor Louis Pienaar |
| x |
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| Congo Republic´s Yhombi-Opango and |
| Malawi long time dictator Banda (ov) (lts) |
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| Nobel Peace Prize Winners Desmond Tutu |
| and Green Belt Movement founder Mathai |
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| x |
| x |
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| The first and still only Djibouti ruler |
| since 1977 Pres.Hassan Gouled Aptidon |
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| Chad Civil Warrior Presidents Malloum |
| Lal Mohammed Shawa and Hissene Habre (ov) |
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| Niger President Ousmane, Malawi´s Muluzi |
| and Siaka Stevens of Sierra Leone (ov) |
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| 1990´s Pres Lissouba (Congo also 1960´pm) and |
| premiers Karl-I-Bond (Zaire), Bileka (Eq.Guinea) |
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| Apartheid premiers Malan, assassinated Verwoerd, |
| Vorster, P.W.Botha and foreign minister "Pik" Botha |
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| "The Crocodile" P.W.Botha and his |
| defence minister Magnus Malan |
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| Bomboko served several times as Foreign Minister |
| of Congo/Zaire, notably during the crisis |
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| William Tolbert ran Liberia from 1970 |
| to 1980, succeeding the fatherly Tubman |
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| Ghanian UN Secretary General |
| and top diplomate Kofi Annan |
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| 1990´s Pres Lissouba (Congo also 1960´pm) and |
| premiers Karl-I-Bond (Zaire), Bileka (Eq.Guinea) |
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| Chad Civil Warrior Presidents Malloum |
| Lal Mohammed Shawa and Hissene Habre (ov) |
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| Chiluba (ov) |
| premiers Karl-I-Bond (Zaire), Bileka (Eq.Guinea) |
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| Nujoma (ov) |
| Lal Mohammed Shawa and Hissene Habre (ov) |
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| Niger President Ousmane, Malawi´s Muluzi |
| and Siaka Stevens of Sierra Leone (ov) |
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| 1990´s Pres Lissouba (Congo also 1960´pm) and |
| premiers Karl-I-Bond (Zaire), Bileka (Eq.Guinea) |
|
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| Nujoma (ov) |
| Lal Mohammed Shawa and Hissene Habre (ov) |
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| Niger President Ousmane, Malawi´s Muluzi |
| and Siaka Stevens of Sierra Leone (ov) |
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| 1990´s Pres Lissouba (Congo also 1960´pm) and |
| premiers Karl-I-Bond (Zaire), Bileka (Eq.Guinea) |
|
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| Chad Civil Warrior Presidents Malloum |
| Lal Mohammed Shawa and Hissene Habre (ov) |
|
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| Niger President Ousmane, Malawi´s Muluzi |
| and Siaka Stevens of Sierra Leone (ov) |
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| 1990´s Pres Lissouba (Congo also 1960´pm) and |
| premiers Karl-I-Bond (Zaire), Bileka (Eq.Guinea) |
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| Neto (ov) |
| and Siaka Stevens of Sierra Leone (ov) |
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